The evaluation of the hemodynamic state of the severely ill patient is a common problem in emergency medicine. This chapter will (1) provide a brief introduction to LV physiology, (2) a description of key parameters such as stroke volume, cardiac output, and arterial blood pressure that capture LV function, (3) an introduction to heart failure as a key example of LV pathophysiology, (4) a discussion of wearable technologies for continuous and ubiquitous sensing of LV parameters using mHealth approaches, and (5) future directions and trends. Recent advances in wearable hemodynamics and cardiac timing measurement technologies present an exciting opportunity to achieve early detection and continuous monitoring of changes in LV function, and to then potentially affect behavior to reduce CVD prevalence. Many CVDs are fundamentally associated with a weakening or damaged left ventricle (LV). According to the World Health Organization, CVDs can be prevented by early detection and management of risk factors-and consequent changes in behavior such as reducing tobacco use, increasing physical activity, and improving diet. Knowing the hemodynamic profile of IPF patients may be helpful in determining their management with supplemental oxygen.Ĭardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause nearly one third of all deaths worldwide, and are projected to afflict 40% of all Americans by the year 2030. Low-flow acute supplemental oxygen in IPF causes a meaningful decrement in cardiac output due to greater reduction in heart rate and increment in total peripheral resistance than matched healthy subjects. cm⁻⁵ p=0.017) with subsequent decrements in cardiac output index (2.484 vs.In addition, IPF showed increments in total peripheral resistance (1644 vs. ambient air), both groups increased oxygen saturation above 94% (p<0.001) while heart rate decreased about 6 to 8% (p<0.001) stroke volume index increased around 7% in the Control-group (p=0.004) but only 1% in the IPF-group (p=0.017). m⁻² p=0.028), with higher total peripheral resistance (1644 vs.
Control) presented lower values in stroke volume index (38.7 vs. Non-invasive methods were used during the supine position to evaluate oxygen saturation, heart rate, stroke volume index, cardiac output index, total peripheral resistance and arterial blood pressure.īreathing ambient air, IPF (vs. To determine and compare the effect of low-flow acute supplemental oxygen on the hemodynamics of IPF patients and matched healthy subjects.ĭescriptive and comparative study in 20 IPF-patients and 19 Control-subjects, (60-80 years old) breathing ambient air followed by acute nasal low-flow (3 L/min) supplemental oxygen. Hemodynamic response to supplemental oxygen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is still not well known. The proposed denoising scheme effectively improves the reliability of diagnosis and analysis on cardiovascular diseases relying on ICG signals. Experimental results show that the beat contribution factor of ICG signals increases from its original 80.1% to 97.4% after removing the motion artifacts. The denoising method was evaluated for 30 subjects under both resting and cycling scenarios. Finally, the ICG signal is reconstructed using those canonical variates with largest spectral correlations with ECG IMFs. We then extract the shared spectral information between the two sets of IMFs using the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in a spectral domain. The obtained ECG and ICG are further decomposed into two sets of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) through the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Taking into consideration about the spectral correlations between the simultaneously collected ICG, electrocardiogram (ECG), and acceleration signals, this paper introduces a two-step spectrum denoising method to remove motion artifacts of ICG measurements in both resting and exercising scenarios.įirst, the major motion artifacts of ECG and ICG are separately suppressed by the spectral subtraction with respect to acceleration signals. However, the ICG measurement is easily interfered due to respiration and body movements. Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a noninvasive and continuous method for evaluating stroke volume and cardiac output.